| 1. | The two genes are closely linked on the same chromosome |
| 2. | The two genes are linked but on different chromosomes |
| 3. | Recombination did not occur in the cell during meiosis |
| 4. | The test cross was improperly performed |
| 1. | The closer two genes are on a chromosome, the lower the probability that a crossover will occur between them. |
| 2. | The observed frequency of recombination of two genes that are far apart from each other has a maximum value of 100%. |
| 3. | All of the traits that Mendel studied–seed color, pod shape, flower color, and others–are due to genes linked on the same chromosome. |
| 4. | Linked genes are found on different chromosomes |